The ITAT ruled that notices and the consequential assessment order passed in the name of the dead entity are invalid if the AO is aware of the amalgamation.
Nidhi | Feb 12, 2026 |
Assessment Order Cannot Be Passed Against Non-Existent Entity: ITAT Rules in Favour of Bank of Baroda
The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Mumbai, provided significant relief to the Bank of Baroda by quashing an order issued against Vijaya Bank, which had merged with the Bank of Baroda. The ITAT ruled that passing an order against a non-existent entity is invalid and bad in law.
Vijay Bank and Dena Bank had amalgamated with Bank of Baroda (assessee) in 2019. The assessee bank had filed its return for the assessment year 2019-20, where it had declared a loss of Rs 1418,82,57,594 and claimed a refund of Rs 694,13,11,216. The case was selected for scrutiny due to several issues, including high creditors/liabilities, TDS mistakes, refund claims, currency fluctuation losses, unsecured loans, capital gains, business expenses, etc.
The AO issued an assessment order under section 143(3) read with section 144(B) of the Income Tax Act, after making some disallowances. The CIT(A) partly allowed the assessee’s appeal.
The main contention of the assessee was that the assessment order was passed against Vijaya Bank, which ceased to exist after it was merged with Bank of Baroda. The assessee argued that the assessment order should have been passed in the name of the amalgamated entity (Bank of Baroda) instead of the amalgamating entity (Vijaya Bank).
The revenue on the other side argued that passing an order against a non-existent entity is a procedural defect, or rather a curable mistake under section 292(B) of the Income Tax Act, and that such a mistake should not invalidate the assessment proceeding.
The ITAT agreed with the Bank of Baroda’s contention, observing that the assessing officer, despite being aware of the amalgamation, passed the order in the name of the amalgamating entity, which did not even exist at that time. Therefore, the ITAT ruled that notices and the consequential assessment order passed in the name of the dead entity are invalid if the AO is aware of the amalgamation.
Accordingly, the tribunal quashed the assessment order, declaring it null and void. The revenue’s appeal was dismissed.
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